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For decades, Down syndrome has been understood as a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional chromosome, known as trisomy 21, affects how the body and brain develop and has long been considered a permanent part of a person’s genetic makeup. Until recently, scientists believed there was no way to remove or correct an entire extra chromosome once it was present.
Now, researchers have achieved a breakthrough that could reshape the future of genetic medicine. Using the powerful CRISPR gene-editing system, scientists successfully targeted and eliminated the extra copy of chromosome 21 in laboratory-grown human cells. After the extra chromosome was removed, the cells returned to the normal number of chromosomes, and many of the genes that had been overactive because of the extra chromosome began functioning at typical levels.
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The findings demonstrate that it may be possible to selectively remove an extra chromosome without destroying the affected cell. This represents a significant milestone because previous techniques were unable to achieve this level of precision. By restoring the normal chromosome count, researchers also observed that gene activity became much closer to that seen in healthy cells.
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